{"id":173896,"date":"2016-11-05T08:47:59","date_gmt":"2016-11-05T01:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ivivu.com\/blog\/?p=173896"},"modified":"2016-11-04T16:48:46","modified_gmt":"2016-11-04T09:48:46","slug":"hanh-trinh-theo-chan-cac-nha-tham-hiem-vi-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ivivu.com\/blog\/2016\/11\/hanh-trinh-theo-chan-cac-nha-tham-hiem-vi-dai\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh theo ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc xa x\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau theo ch\u00e2n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh theo ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n ch\u01b0a l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi lu\u00f4n th\u00f4i th\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft, theo ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1eed \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111i qua ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marco Polo r\u1eddi Venice (Italy) khi m\u1edbi 17 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, qua Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u00e3y n\u00fai Parmir, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn danh v\u1ecdng cho Marco Polo. \u00d4ng d\u00e0nh 17 n\u0103m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 b\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, Marco c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t k\u00ec b\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng v\u0129. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed1n Marco Polo du k\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho du kh\u00e1ch:<\/em><\/strong> H\u00e3y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i qua \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Trung \u00c1, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm sa m\u1ea1c hay d\u00e3y n\u00fai h\u00f9ng v\u0129, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf, th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Kinh, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Istanbul, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

\"

B\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a.<\/p><\/div>\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Samuel Baker l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19. \u00d4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 Florence \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n

Samuel c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Nile. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng tham gia m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Phi.<\/p>\n

Samuel Baker \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ed3 Albert, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u1edf Uganda. T\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho du kh\u00e1ch<\/strong>:<\/em> Theo ch\u00e2n Samuel v\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n Florence Baker kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3i. Chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Gondokoro (b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Juba) thu\u1ed9c Nam Sudan, \u0111\u1ebfn Baker\u2019s View, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u1ed3 Albert l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1864.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 500 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi du kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 trang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i.<\/p>\n

\"Tr\u00ean

Tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p><\/div>\n

C\u0103ng bu\u1ed3m \u0111i v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo d\u00f2ng Congo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Henry Morton Stanley l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u00e2u Phi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u00e1c s\u0129 Livingstone, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Henry n\u00f3i khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y David Livingstone v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch \u1edf Tanzania v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1871.<\/p>\n

Henry Morton Stanley c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Nile v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ed3 Victoria. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a s\u00f4ng Congo v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t 999 ng\u00e0y \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00e2u Phi hoang s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"Congo

Congo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p><\/div>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho du kh\u00e1ch:<\/strong><\/em> D\u00f9 s\u00f4ng Congo ch\u1ea3y qua v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f2n h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Henry \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng Congo, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang d\u00e3. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1eadt k\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n gi\u1eefa ch\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i t\u00ecm th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1eed gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, Hiram Bingham III, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 khai ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng Nam M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Buenos Aires, Argentina \u0111\u1ebfn Lima, Peru trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Hiram n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng lao t\u00ecm ra Machu Picchu, d\u00f9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Hiram cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c thung l\u0169ng Vilcabamba, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng c\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, Machu Picchu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e8 cho Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Pachacuti.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Machu Picchu v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Bingham \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng: Harvard v\u00e0 Yale (M\u1ef9). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Indiana Jones trong lo\u1ea1t phim phi\u00eau l\u01b0u l\u1eebng danh c\u1ee7a Hollywood.<\/p>\n

\"Machu

Machu Picchu v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p><\/div>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho du kh\u00e1ch:<\/strong> Machu Picchu ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, du kh\u00e1ch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n khao kh\u00e1t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Peru.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i 8 ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Choquequirao, d\u1ecdc d\u00e3y Andes, qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Incan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai hoang vu.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho du kh\u00e1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Bingham t\u1eebng \u0111i qua c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, theo c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

<\/span>B\u1ea0N C\u1ea6N M\u1ed8T N\u01a0I L\u01afU TR\u00da V\u1edaI GI\u00c1 H\u1ee2P T\u00daI TI\u1ec0N TRONG H\u00c0NH TR\u00ccNH DU L\u1ecaCH, \u0110\u1eeaNG NG\u1ea6N NG\u1ea0I G\u1eccI NGAY T\u1edaI S\u1ed0 1900 1870 \u0110\u1ec2 \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C T\u01af V\u1ea4N NH\u00c9<\/div><\/h4>\n

Theo\u00a0Thanh H\u1eb1ng\/Zing News<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u2018thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019 C\u1eedu Tr\u1ea1i C\u00e2u 5 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i thu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Plitvice \u2013 B\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh 13 ng\u00e0y d\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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***<\/strong><\/p>\n

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